What is Pneumonia?

Pneumonia is a respiratory infection that inflames the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or occasionally fungi, and may develop after a cold, bronchitis, or due to aspiration. Pneumonia can make breathing difficult and reduce oxygen levels if left untreated, so prompt evaluation is important. 

Types of Pneumonia

Pneumonia is generally classified into two main types: bacterial and viral. 

Bacterial pneumonia is caused by various bacteria, with Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common. It often develops when the body is weakened by illness, poor nutrition, older age, or a compromised immune system. Atypical bacterial pneumonia, such as that caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, can result in milder cases known as “walking pneumonia,” with symptoms including fatigue, sore throat, and a persistent cough. 

Viral pneumonia, on the other hand, is caused by viruses like influenza and RSV. It is the most common type of pneumonia and typically affects young children and older adults. While viral pneumonia usually resolves with supportive care, complications can arise in high-risk patients. 

What are the Symptoms?

Symptoms can range from mild to severe and often include:

• Cough
• Mucus production
• Fever and chills
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Fatigue and body aches

Who is at Risk?

Anyone can develop pneumonia, but certain groups are at higher risk:

• Adults age 65 and older
• Children under 2 years old
• People with compromised immune systems
• Smokers
• Individuals with chronic medical conditions

Prompt evaluation is essential for these populations to prevent serious complications.

Diagnosing and Treating Pneumonia

Pneumonia is typically diagnosed through a combination of a physical exam, including vital signs and listening to the lungs, and a review of symptom history. A chest X-ray may be performed to confirm the presence of infection and determine its severity. 

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics, including those used for atypical bacterial forms like Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Viral pneumonia usually resolves on its own with rest, hydration, and supportive care. 

In severe cases, particularly in older adults, immunocompromised individuals, or those experiencing low oxygen levels, hospitalization may be required for oxygen support, intravenous medications, or management of complications. 

Pediatric and High-Risk Considerations

Infants and young children are more susceptible to viral pneumonia, while older adults and individuals with chronic conditions or weakened immune systems are at higher risk for severe bacterial or viral pneumonia. Prompt evaluation and treatment are essential for these populations to prevent serious complications such as respiratory failure, sepsis, or prolonged illness. 

We’re Here to Help

Pneumonia can develop quickly and progress rapidly. At ConvenientMD, our providers evaluate and treat pneumonia for patients of all ages. We determine whether antibiotics are necessary, provide supportive care for viral infections, and guide high-risk patients on next steps. 

Walk into any ConvenientMD location in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, or Maine—no appointment is needed—for expert care and peace of mind.